The width of your pinky finger nail.
That's what my high school chemistry teacher taught us.
So to answer your other question - not much difference. I think that means, go with 255's if you are buying tires (they will fit essentially the same as 245's - remember, half of that extra width falls on each side of the wheel). If you have 245's and are wondering whether you should replace them, then the answer is -no-. Wait till they are worn out.