How do I know if a 9" is 28 or 31 splines?

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pull the axles out and count the splines....

to tell the gear ratio, there should be a tag on there somewhere that says what it is. If theres not then you could get an estimate by seeing how many times you have to turn the driveshaft for the wheels to rotate 1 full time...if it takes 3 times, then you have a 3.00 gear.
 
31 spline axle ID

Pull the hub cap/center cap off the wheel. Look at the center opening of the wheel at the axle. A 31 spline axle will have two holes about 1/4 inch in diameter. A 28 spline axle has what looks like a hollowed out area at the end of the axle but no holes.
 
If it came out of a 65-70 Mustang is is a 28 (not so sure about the big bodies). To my knowlege FoMoCo did not put 31s into any passenger cars during that era, but all large bearing 9" axles had the 31s (trucks/vans/broncos).
 
31 splines

Edbert said:
If it came out of a 65-70 Mustang is is a 28 (not so sure about the big bodies). To my knowlege FoMoCo did not put 31s into any passenger cars during that era, but all large bearing 9" axles had the 31s (trucks/vans/broncos).

Not true!! all BOSSes and any car ordered with a drag pac has 31 spline axles.