as 65 stated, a supercharger and blower are the same thing. there are however 3 types of superchargers;
1: the old standby roots type supercharger
2: the newer, but still quite old style, centrifugal supercharger
3: the new style screw type supercharger.
all three have their good and bad points, but all three get the job done in about the same way. the screw type supercharger is going to be the most efficient, but also the most expensive. all three though require engine power to turn them and make boost.
a turbocharger as stated uses exhaust pressure and flow to turn the compressor and build boost, but it is NOT free power as many people think. even with a wastegate you still increase backpressure in the exhaust system, and that can cost you power even on a well designed system. the reason people think it is free power is because the turbo uses less power to build boost than an engine driven supercharger does. properly sized, and with the right controls, you can make boost early in the rpm range with a turbo, and still get it to build maximum boost at around 3K rpm if you so choose.
when building a turbo or supercharged engine, you need to use top quality parts, forged pistons, good aftermarket rods if you are going to turn rpms above 6000, a well prepped crank, again if going above 6K rpm, then get a forged crank. depending on the fuel you plan on using you want low compression, stay below 9:1 for a street engine with 10psi boost or less. you also want the intake and exhaust systems to be as efficient as possible, but still designed to work in the rpm range you plan on running your engine in. is does no good to put a supercharger on an engine designed for high rpm, and still expect that engine to make power at low or moderate rpm as well.
with a turbo you want a cam that has fairly wide lobe centers, 110-114 degrees, even on most race engines. a supercharger on the other hand will tolerate narrower lobe centers for the street, and needs narrower lobe centers for the track, 106-110 degrees. just remember that everything has to work together for best power and efficiency in the rpm range you plan on running in 85% of the time.
oh, by the way, yes there are other types of superchargers, but the three i mentioned are the most used today as the others have gone by the wayside for a variety of reasons.