Check over the usual suspects: rear seal, valveseals, oil filter (make sure there's only one gasket), PCV, and the back of the lower intake. I would think you'd notice a pretty significant external leak, so I'd lean toward it going through the combustion chamber somehow, whether that be the PCV, rings, or valveseals. I also hope nothing got hurt with it being low. After topping it back off, did it still knock? Could have been some valvetrain noise from low oil. Change your oil and see if you notice any significant amounts of metal floating around in it. That'll be your best indicator of whether you did any damage without going into the engine to look. Might want to cut open the oil filter and see if you find anything in there, too.